NLR and ALC Levels are Key Biomarkers for Distinguishing COVID-19 Cases

Authors

  • Heri Irawan Departement of Medical Laboratory Technology, University Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
  • Syahrul Ardianshah Departement of Medical Laboratory Technology, University Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
  • Puspitasari Departement of Medical Laboratory Technology, University Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
  • Andika Aliviameita Departement of Medical Laboratory Technology, University Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Keywords:

SARS-Cov-2, COVID-19, Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio, Absolute Lymphocyte Count, Immune Response

Abstract

This study examines the diagnostic disparities of Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC) between COVID-19 positive and negative patients. Using a laboratory experimental design with quantitative methods, 54 samples from each group were analyzed. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in NLR (p = 0.001) and ALC (p = 0.038) values, with average NLR levels of 8.40 in COVID-19 positive patients and 4.87 in negatives, and average ALC values of 1.44 in positives and 1.80 in negatives. These findings highlight the diagnostic utility of NLR and ALC in distinguishing COVID-19 cases, emphasizing the importance of immune response biomarkers in clinical assessment and management strategies.

Highlights:

  1. Significant differences in NLR and ALC values between COVID-19 positive and negative patients.
  2. Higher average NLR levels in COVID-19 positive patients.
  3. Lower average ALC values in COVID-19 positive patients.

Keywords: SARS-Cov-2, COVID-19, Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio, Absolute Lymphocyte Count, Immune Response

References

D. N. Aisyah, C. A. Mayadewi, H. Diva, Z. Kozlakidis, Siswanto, and W. Adisasmito, "Spatial-Temporal Description of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Indonesia During the First Six Months of the Outbreak," PLoS ONE Journal, vol. 15, no. 12, p. e0243703, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243703. [Accessed: May 12, 2023].

M. Amri, "Comparison of Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) Values in Adults with Positive and Negative Covid-19 Cases at Pondok Gede Regional Hospital," vol. 2, Dec. 2020. [Accessed: Apr. 5, 2023].

WHO, "WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Disease Dashboard," Jan. 2020. [Accessed: Apr. 6, 2023].

N. U. Masrika, M. Hasan, Y. Yusran, and S. Buyung, "Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients at the Dr. H. Chasan Boesoirie Regional General Hospital," JUMANTIK (Journal of Health Research), vol. 7, no. 3, p. 255, May 2020, doi: 10.30829/jumantik.v7i3.11676. [Accessed: Apr. 8, 2023].

J. Wagner, A. DuPont, S. Larson, B. Cash, and A. Farooq, "Absolute Lymphocyte Count is a Prognostic Marker in COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Review," Hematol Lab Int J., vol. 6, no. 42, pp. 761–765, Jan. 2020. [Accessed: Apr. 14, 2023].

N. Fitriani, "Covid-19 Literature Review," Virology, Pathogenesis, and Clinical Manifestations, Semantic Scholar, doi: 10.33024/jmm.v4i3.3174, Jan. 2022. [Accessed: Apr. 5, 2023].

F. A. Rangel, "Neutrophils Lymphocyte Ratio and Lymphocyte to C Reactive Protein Ratio in Patients with Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Meta-Analysis," Journal of Medical Virology, doi: 10.1002/jmv.25819, May 2020. [Accessed: May 12, 2023].

D. Hu, C. Zhu, L. Ai, T. He, Y. Wang, F. Ye, L. Yang, C. Ding, X. Zhu, J. Zhu, B. Hassan, Y. Feng, and W. Tan, "Genomic Characterization and Infectivity of a Novel SARS-like Coronavirus in Chinese Bats," Emerging Microbes & Infections, vol. 7, no. 154, doi: 10.1038/s41426-018-0155-5, Jan. 2008. [Accessed: Apr. 5, 2023].

E. Vafadar, A. Teimouri, R. Rezaee, N. Morovatdar, and M. Foroughian, "Increased Age, Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and White Blood Cell Count were Associated with Higher COVID-19 Mortality," Isr. J. Emerg. Med., pp. 11-14, Jan. 2020. [Accessed: Apr. 14, 2023].

F. Zhou, T. Yu, R. Du, G. Fan, Y. Liu, and Z. Liu, "Clinical Course and Risk Factors for Death of Adult Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Cohort Study," Lancet, vol. 395, no. 10229, pp. 1054-1062, Dec. 2020. [Accessed: Apr. 13, 2023].

Q. Zhao, M. Meng, R. Kumar, Y. Wu, J. Huang, Y. Deng, Z. Weng, and L. Yang, "Lymphopenia is Associated with Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," International Journal of Infectious Diseases: IJID: Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, vol. 96, pp. 131-135, May 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.086. [Accessed: Apr. 14, 2023].

Downloads

Published

2024-06-19

How to Cite

Irawan, H., Ardianshah, S., Puspitasari, & Aliviameita, A. (2024). NLR and ALC Levels are Key Biomarkers for Distinguishing COVID-19 Cases. Kyzylorda Scholarly Review, 1(1). Retrieved from https://bulletin.ouk.kz/index.php/bulletin/article/view/13

Issue

Vol. 1 No. 1 (2024): June

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Heri Irawan, Syahrul Ardianshah, Puspitasari, Andika Aliviameita

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

CC BY

This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for commercial use. CC BY includes the following elements:

 BY: credit must be given to the creator.