VITAMIN C AND ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION AS PROTECTIVE SUPPLEMENTATION AGAINST ALUMINUM PHOSPHIDE TOXICITY AMONG WORKERS AT AL-SHARQAT SILO, SALAH AL-DIN GOVERNORATE, IRAQ
Keywords:
Vitamin C, Zinc, Kidney function, Blood Profile test, Liver enzymesAbstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the condition of the work place and pesticide exposure level of workers in Sharqat silo, Salah al-Din Governorate, Iraq, and to propose proper measures to alleviate worker's disease and health problem due to pesticide use and treatment using vitamin C and zinc in the silo at dosage level of 500mg/kg vitamin C and 50mg/kg ZINC. There were five groups of five. The experiment was conducted for 2 months during which the workers in the treatment groups kept on taking the supplement tablets after breakfast. The results indicated that the hemoglobin and red blood cell concentration of the samples were significantly decreased in the untreated samples to 10.60g/dL and 3.87 (10⁶/ uL), respectively. The treated samples had a significant increase, however, when compared to the untreated. The number of white blood cells was significantly increased in the untreated samples and significantly decreased in the treated samples. Function of the kidneys also statistically significantly improved, with the results of increase in creatinine in the T2 group statistically significant. The 47 mg/dl is compared to a healthy control group (T1: 0.43 mg/dl). Levels also dropped in treatments T3, T4 and T5, to 0.64, 0.90 and 0.37 mg/dl, respectively. Regarding urea, the results revealed that the T2 sample had a significant increase to 54.00 mg/dl, while the T3 sample had a significant decrease to 46.67 mg/dl, the T4 sample had a significant decrease to 47.00 mg/dl and the T5 sample had a significant decrease to 41.33 mg/dl. Liver enzymes also showed improvement following treatment; the results showed that AST levels statistically significantly increased in sample T2 (61.67U/L) but decreased statistically significantly in samples T3 (58.00U/L), T4 (31.00U/L) and T5 (15.00U/L). The results also revealed that ALT level had increased significantly in sample T2 to 59.67 U/L, and had decreased significantly in samples T3, T4 and T5 to 53.00, 16.33 and 16.00 U/L respectively. The findings also revealed that sample T2 had a significant increase in the ALP level, which increased to 95.00 U/L, whereas the ALP level in samples T3, T4 and T5 had a statistically significant decrease to 85.00, 48.00 and 43.33 U/L, respectively.
References
Abdullahi, A. (2010). Chlorpyrifos-induced alteration of hematological parameters in Wistar rats: Ameliorative effect of zinc. Research Journal of Environmental Toxicology.
Aljubouri, M. E., & Abdulazeez, Q. M. (2019). Effect of emitted pollutants from crude oil refining on biochemical blood variables of in-site workers. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 14(6), 3114–3130.
Cuddihy, S. L., Parker, A., Harwood, D. T., Vissers, M. C., & Winterbourn, C. C. (2008). Ascorbate interacts with reduced glutathione to scavenge phenoxyl radicals in HL60 cells. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 44(8), 1637–1644.
Duncan, P., & Mahaffey. (1994). Erythrocytes. In Veterinary laboratory medicine (3rd ed., pp. 21–34). Iowa State University Press.
Note: Verify the authors’ full names and order.
El-Gendy, K. S., Aly, N. M., Mahmoud, F. H., Kenawy, A., & El-Sebae, A. K. H. (2010). The role of vitamin C as antioxidant in protection of oxidative stress induced by imidacloprid. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(1), 215–221.
Ezejifor, T. N. (2016). Hematological indicators of exposure to petroleum products in petroleum refining and distribution industry workers in Nigeria. Journal of Clinical Toxicology, 6(1), 1–13.
Goel, A., Chauhan, D. P., & Dhawan, D. K. (2000). Protective effects of zinc in chlorpyrifos induced hepatotoxicity: A biochemical and trace elemental study. Biological Trace Element Research, 74(2), 171–183.
Hamed, I. A., Sherif, R. M., El-Sheikh, E. S. A., Aldawek, A. M., & Shalaby, A. A. (2023). Protective effect of vitamin C against thiamethoxam-induced toxicity in male rats. Open Veterinary Journal, 13(10), 1334.
Hosui, A., Kimura, E., Abe, S., Tanimoto, T., Onishi, K., Kusumoto, Y., . . . Hiramatsu, N. (2018). Long-term zinc supplementation improves liver function and decreases the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Nutrients, 10(12), Article 1955.
Morshedi, R., Ahmadizadeh, M., & Ahmadi Angali, K. (2014). Protective effects of zinc supplementation on renal toxicity in rats exposed to cadmium. Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences, 6(3), 1–4.
Mousavi, S., Bereswill, S., & Heimesaat, M. M. (2019). Immunomodulatory and antimicrobial effects of vitamin C. European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology, 9(3), 73–79.
Muafia, S., Abdul, Q., Naqi, H., Shamma, F., & Sajid, R. A. (2021). Assessment of ameliorative effects of vitamin C and E supplementation on hematology indices, oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme status of renal tissue in flonicamid intoxicated male rabbit. Pharmacologyonline, 3, 753–767.
Nicholson, L. B. (2016). Essays in biochemistry (pp. 275–301).
Note: The chapter title, book or journal details, and publisher information need verification.
Rajak, P., Roy, S., Ganguly, A., Mandi, M., Dutta, A., Das, K., . . . Biswas, G. (2022). Protective potential of vitamin C and E against organophosphate toxicity: Current status and perspective. Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health, 22(3), 141–154.
Riaz, M., & Yousafzai, A. M. (2017). Toxic effects of insecticides malathion and cypermethrin on hematological parameters in blood of male rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 5(3), 154–158.
Shakoori, A. R., Aslam, F., Sabir, M., & Ali, S. S. (1992). Effect of prolonged administration of insecticide (cyhalothrin/karate) on the blood and liver of rabbits. Folia Biologica, 40, 91–99.
Singh, S., Singh, D., Wig, N., Jit, I., & Sharma, B. K. (1996). Aluminum phosphide ingestion—A clinico-pathologic study. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology, 34(6), 703–706.
Tietz, N. W., Burtis, C. A., & Ashwood, E. R. (1994). Tietz textbook of clinical chemistry. Saunders.
Uhegbu, F. O. (2015). Renal protective effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium Benth in acetaminophen-induced renal toxicity rats. American Chemical Science Journal, 8(3), 110.
Note: Verify the complete page range.
Zhang, J. L., Qiang, H. S., & Xiang, P. (2023). Research progress on symptoms, first aid and toxicology of phosphine poisoning. Fudan University Journal of Medical Sciences, 50(5), 771–779.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Adil Abdulrahman Mustafa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
CC BY
This license enables reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for commercial use. CC BY includes the following elements:
BY: credit must be given to the creator.
